Research Article

The Impact of AI-driven Contextual Input and Output on Second Language Acquisition

Yangyunfeng LiuTaylor’s University*

* Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract

As the AI (Artificial Intelligence, AI) technology, especially the language model and the rapid development of intelligent learning system in the field of language education, contextualized input and output have gradually become an important path to promote Second Language Acquisition (SLA). Based on the theory of input hypothesis and output hypothesis and social culture and interactive approaches, this article system combed the AI drive learning environment, language input, output, and the change of the interactive mechanism and its influence on second language acquisition. Research suggests that AI can enhance the understandability and relevance of input through adaptive recommendation, multimodal presentation, and virtual situation simulation. At the output level, AI dialogue system, real-time error correction and scaffolding support for language learners provides a high frequency, low anxiety generated opportunities, complexity and accuracy in grammar, syntax and vocabulary, expression fluency and pragmatic appropriateness, etc, to promote the language output quality improvement. More importantly, AI integrates input, output and feedback into a dynamic loop process, thereby reshaping the occurrence conditions of traditional second language acquisition to a certain extent. In the affirmation of the potential of the AI in language learning at the same time, the paper also points out its authenticity, learner differences in interactive adaptation and technology rely on is still limited, and emphasizes on the importance of teachers' professional guidance to realize man-machine coordinated. This article aims to provide references for the research and instructional design of second language teaching supported by AI from both theoretical and practical perspectives.

Keywords: Artificial intelligence; Contextualized input; Contextualized output; Second language acquisition; Interaction mechanism
Published: January 26, 2026
DOI: 10.54254/2753-7064/2026.HT31478
Volume: CHR Vol.102
pp. 55-61
Download PDF

References

  1. Krashen, S. D. (1985). The input hypothesis: Issues and implications. London: Longman.
  2. Ellis, R. (2008). The study of second language acquisition (2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  3. Long, M. H. (1996). The role of the linguistic environment in second language acquisition. In W. C. Ritchie & T. K. Bhatia (Eds. ), Handbook of second language acquisition (pp. 413–468). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
  4. Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  5. Lantolf, J. P. , & Thorne, S. L. (2006). Sociocultural theory and the genesis of second language development. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  6. Mayer, R. E. (2009). Multimedia learning (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  7. Paivio, A. (1991). Dual coding theory: Retrospect and current status. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 45(3), 255–287.
  8. Swain, M. (1995). Three functions of output in second language learning. In G. Cook & B. Seidlhofer (Eds.), Principle and practice in applied linguistics (pp. 125–144). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  9. Gass, S. M. , & Mackey, A. (2007). Input, interaction, and output in second language acquisition. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  10. Chapelle, C. A. (2001). Computer applications in second language acquisition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  11. Chapelle, C. A. (2003). English language learning and technology. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
  12. Long, M. H. (1991). Focus on form: A design feature in language teaching methodology. In K. de Bot et al. (Eds.), Foreign language research in cross-cultural perspective (pp. 39–52). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
  13. Schmidt, R. (1990). The role of consciousness in second language learning. Applied Linguistics, 11(2), 129–158.
  14. Dörnyei, Z. (2005). The psychology of the language learner. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  15. Warschauer, M. (1997). Computer-mediated collaborative learning: Theory and practice. The Modern Language Journal, 81(4), 470–481.
  16. Warschauer, M., & Healey, D. (1998). Computers and language learning: An overview. Language Teaching, 31(2), 57–71.
  17. Blake, R. (2013). Brave new digital classroom: Technology and foreign language learning (2nd ed.). Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.
  18. Godwin-Jones, R. (2018). Chasing the butterfly effect: Informal language learning online. Language Learning & Technology, 22(2), 8–27.
  19. Stockwell, G. (2016). Mobile language learning. In F. Farr & L. Murray (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of language learning and technology (pp. 296–307). London: Routledge.
  20. Lee, L. (2020). Autonomous learning through task-based instruction in fully online language courses. Language Learning & Technology, 24(2), 81–97.