Reversible Liquid Networks: Modular and Elastic Social Relations in Digital China — A Case Study of Xiaohongshu
Abstract
In the digital era, algorithms and data systems have profoundly reshaped social relations in China, transforming traditional structures into fluid, dynamic networks. Drawing on Fei Xiaotong's "differential mode of association," which views Chinese society as ego-centered with graded ties, and Zygmunt Bauman's "liquid modernity," emphasizing transient and unbound interactions, this study introduces the concept of a "reversible liquid differential order." This framework captures how social ties form, dissolve, and reconfigure rapidly in digital contexts, particularly on platforms like Xiaohongshu, a social e-commerce app targeting young women. The research explores modular and elastic social relations on Xiaohongshu through a qualitative case study. Data were collected from 20 public notes and approximately 50 related comments under the #LifeSharing tag in 2025, selected for high interaction levels and relevance to relational dynamics. Thematic analysis was employed to code patterns, identifying themes such as temporary connections, algorithm-driven intimacy gradients, and guanxi culture. Findings revealed that Xiaohongshu's algorithms curate personalized content, fostering ephemeral ties through notes, comments, and recommendations, while users adapt with resilience. The study concluded that this reversible order integrates cultural specificity with algorithmic elasticity, enhancing user well-being but also amplifying social anxiety. Theoretically, it advances network analysis for quantifying cultural patterns; practically, it informs platform designs to mitigate relational uncertainties in digital China.
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