Research Article

From Captivity to Selfhood: Trauma and Female Subjectivity in Wide Sargasso Sea and Breasts and Eggs

Chuyi WangUniversity College London*

* Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract

This paper examines how intimacy, often idealized as trust and reciprocity, can become a site of psychological imprisonment through coercive control in cross-cultural literary narratives. By comparing Jean Rhys’ Wide Sargasso Sea and Kawakami Mieko’s Breasts and Eggs, the study highlights how intimate relationships generate “chronic violence” that reshapes female subjectivity across colonial and contemporary Japanese contexts. Combining trauma theory with the sociological framework of "coercive control", research shows that intimate oppression not only has cross-cultural universality but also presents unique forms in specific historical and social contexts. While Rhys depicts the destructive resistance expressed under colonial patriarchy, Kawakami demonstrates the possibility of women engaging in strategic subjectivity negotiations through silence, writing, and reproductive choices. This study not only expands the research scope of trauma literature from event-based violence to implicit and persistent psychological domination but also reveals its cross-cultural resonance and intergenerational transmission.

Keywords: Trauma literature; Coercive control; Comparative Literature; Feminist Subjectivity
Published: October 23, 2025
DOI: 10.54254/2753-7064/2025.BJ28476
Volume: CHR Vol.79
pp. 8-19
Download PDF

References

  1. Caruth, C.: Unclaimed experience: Trauma, narrative, and history. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore (1996).
  2. Pederson, J.: Speak, trauma: Toward a revised understanding of literary trauma theory. Narrative 22(3), 334–353 (2014).
  3. Herman, J. L.: Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence—from Domestic Abuse to Political Terror. Basic Books, New York (1992).
  4. Stark, E.: Coercive control: How men entrap women in personal life. Oxford University Press, Oxford (2007).
  5. Lifton, R. J.: Thought Reform and the Psychology of Totalism: A Study of “Brainwashing” in China. W. W. Norton, New York (1963).
  6. Friedan, B.: The feminine mystique. W. W. Norton, New York (1963).
  7. Beauvoir, S. de.: Le Deuxième Sexe. Gallimard, Paris (1949). [The Second Sex, trans. H. M. Parshley, Vintage, New York (1953)]
  8. Sharma, M.: Gendered trauma and power structures: A feminist post-structuralism analysis of Anna Burns’ Milkman. Knowledge, Education and Youth Studies Journal 1(2) (2021).
  9. Butler, J.: Gender trouble: Feminism and the subversion of identity. Routledge, New York (1990).
  10. Crenshaw, K.: Demarginalizing the intersection of race and sex: A Black feminist critique of antidiscrimination doctrine, feminist theory and antiracist politics. University of Chicago Legal Forum 1989(1), 139–167 (1989).
  11. Hooks, B.: Ain’t I a woman? Black women and feminism. South End Press, Boston (1981).
  12. Mohanty, C. T.: Under Western eyes: Feminist scholarship and colonial discourses. Feminist Review 30(1), 61–88 (1988).
  13. Zam, F.: Heroines of the postcolonial era: Voice and silence in Wide Sargasso Sea and Foe. European Journal of Literature, Language and Linguistics Studies 6(1), 39–52 (2022).
  14. Roberti, G.: Female influencers: Analyzing the social media representation of female subjectivity. Frontiers in Sociology (2022).
  15. Savolainen, L.: Filtering feminisms: Emergent feminist visibilities on Instagram. New Media & Society, 24(3) 557–579 (2020).
  16. Standish, P.: In her own voice: Convention, conversion, criteria. Educational Philosophy and Theory 36(1), 91–106 (2004).
  17. Spivak, G. C.: Three women’s texts and a critique of imperialism. Critical Inquiry 12(1), 243–261 (1985).
  18. Raiskin, J.: Snow on the cane fields: Women’s writing and Creole subjectivity. Tulsa Sudies in Women’s Literature 15(1), 25–45 (1996).
  19. Spencer, S.: Rhys, Stead, Lessing, and the politics of empathy. Indiana University Press, Bloomington (1991).
  20. Copeland, R. L. (ed.): Handbook of Modern and Contemporary Japanese Women Writers. Amsterdam University Press, Amsterdam (2023).
  21. The White Review.: Review: Mieko Kawakami’s Breasts and Eggs. https: //www.thewhitereview.org/reviews/mieko-kawakamis-breasts-and-eggs/, last accessed 2025/09/16 (2020).
  22. Prough, J. S.: Straight from the heart: Gender, intimacy, and the cultural production of shōjo manga. University of Hawai‘i Press, Honolulu (2020).
  23. Raymo, J. M., Uchikoshi, F., Yoda, S.: Marriage intentions, desires, and pathways to later and less marriage in Japan. Demographic Research 44(3), 71–104 (2021).
  24. Toyoda, E.: Japan’s marital system reform: The fūfubessei movement for individual rights. Asia-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus 18(13), 1–18 (2020).
  25. Rhys, J.: Wide Sargasso Sea. André Deutsch, London (1966).
  26. Lokot, M., Pichon, M., Kalichman, B., Nardella, S., Falconer, J., Kyegombe, N., Buller, A. M.: Decolonising the field of violence against women and girls: A scoping review and recommendations for research and programming. Social Science & Medicine 357, 117168 (2024).
  27. Pilcher, J., Hooley, Z., Coffey, A.: Names and naming in adoption: Birth heritage and family-making. Families, Relationships and Societies 9(2), 231–247 (2020).
  28. Bhawar, P.: Women otherization in Jane Eyre and Wide Sargasso Sea. International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences (IJELS) 6(2), 110–114 (2021).
  29. Kawakami, M.: Breasts and Eggs (S. Bett & D. Boyd, Trans.). Europa Editions, New York (2020).
  30. Kotani, M.: Japanese Women’s Literature and the Body. Seidosha, Tokyo (2019).
  31. North, L.: Translator’s introduction to Breasts and Eggs. Europa Editions, New York (2020).
  32. Raymo, J. M.: The second demographic transition in Japan: A review of the evidence. Asian Population Studies 18(1), 3–24 (2022).
  33. Brown, L. S.: Subversive Dialogues: Theory in Feminist Therapy. Basic Books, New York (1995).Hourani, J.: Structural and symbolic violence exacerbates the risks and consequences of sexual-and gender-based violence for forced migrant women. Frontiers in Human Dynamics 3, 769611 (2021).
  34. Allison, A.: Millennial monsters: Japanese toys and the global imagination. University of California Press, Berkeley (2009).
  35. Mohammad, N.: Fragmented bodies, fractured identities: Womanhood and body politics in Breasts and Eggs. Theory and Practice in Language Studies 13(12), 3057–3062 (2023).
  36. Izate, J. B., Yoshio, H.: Reimagining the past, present, and the future of reproductive bodies in contemporary Japanese women’s fiction: Breasts and Eggs and Vanishing World. In: The Palgrave Handbook of Reproductive Justice and Literature, pp. 465–486. Springer, Cham (2022).