Analysis on Economic Model and Social Customs of the Matrilineal Families of the Mosuo Ethnic Group

Abstract

The Mosuo people, an ethnic group living in the border areas of Yunnan and Sichuan in China, are often regarded as a living fossil of matrilineal society. Unlike patriarchal family structures, the Mosuo maintain a unique matrilineal system in which women occupy a central position within the household. Their distinctive economic model and social customs reflect this cultural feature. This study examines the economic organization of Mosuo matrilineal families from three perspectives: economic activities, family structure, and social customs. In terms of economic practices, the research focuses on three primary livelihoods—boating on the lake, land leasing, and operating family guesthouses. Regarding family structure, attention is given to the role of the mother as the core figure responsible for household affairs and financial management, as well as the role of maternal uncles in the education and upbringing of children. The findings show that Mosuo matrilineal families have developed unique economic patterns, familial arrangements, and traditional customs. In the realm of social customs, the Mosuo people’s festivals and rituals, clothing culture, views on life and death, and the distinctive “walking marriage” (tisese) system are all closely intertwined with their matrilineal family structure. This study concludes that the Mosuo matrilineal family demonstrates both the continuity of traditional culture and a remarkable adaptability to the conditions of modern society, providing a valuable example for exploring diverse forms of family organization and cultural inheritance.