Research Article

Interaction Between Humans and Gods: How Rain-praying Ceremonies Worked in Guizhou During the Ming and Qing Dynasties

Zhihao ChenGuizhou University*

* Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract

Dry disasters happened a lot in Guizhou during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It's because Guizhou has a special natural and geographical environment. So local people created special rain-praying activities. These activities mainly worship the Dragon God. They also include beliefs in wind ghosts, the City God and some historical people. They are very different from the rain-praying ceremonies held by the central government.Many people held the rain-praying ceremonies. They are local officials, Taoist priests and local people who organize the activities by themselves. The steps of the ceremonies follow the rules of the central government, and also keep the local features.The rain-praying in Guizhou during the Ming and Qing Dynasties shows the local wisdom of dealing with disasters in the traditional society.

Keywords: Ming and Qing Dynasties; Guizhou; rain-praying; disaster response
Published: September 24, 2025
DOI: 10.54254/2753-7064/2025.HT27170
Volume: CHR Vol.75
pp. 164-174
Download PDF

References

  1. Yu, W. X., & Chen, Y. Z. (Ed.). (1872). Liping fu zhi [Gazetteer of Liping Prefecture]. Guangxu edition. Liping Prefecture Gazetteer Bureau.
  2. Zhang, Y. (2018). Historical analysis of floods and droughts in Ming and Qing Guizhou. Shanxi Nongjing, (08), 102–103.
  3. Cai, Z. J., & Gong, F. S. (Ed.). (1793). Zhenyuan fu zhi [Gazetteer of Zhenyuan Prefecture]. Qianlong edition.
  4. Xiao, G. (Ed.). (1841). Sinan fu xu zhi [Supplementary Gazetteer of Sinan Prefecture]. Daoguang edition.
  5. Xiao, G. (Ed.). (1851). Guiyang fu zhi [Gazetteer of Guiyang Prefecture]. Xianfeng edition.
  6. Zou, H. X. (Ed.). (1851). Anshun fu zhi [Gazetteer of Anshun Prefecture]. Xianfeng edition.
  7. E, E., & Du, Q. (Ed.). (1741). Guizhou tong zhi [Comprehensive Gazetteer of Guizhou]. Qianlong edition, revised in Jiaqing period.
  8. Huang, Z. Z., & Zou, H. X. (Ed.). (1849). Dading fu zhi [Gazetteer of Dading Prefecture]. Daoguang edition.
  9. Xie, S. L. (Ed.). (1763). Dian-Qian zhi lue [Abridged Gazetteer of Yunnan and Guizhou]. Qianlong edition.
  10. Jiang, S. (Ed.). (1717). Yuqing xian zhi [Gazetteer of Yuqing County]. Kangxi edition.
  11. Xie, D. S., & Zhang, D. (Ed.). (1522). Guizhou tong zhi [Comprehensive Gazetteer of Guizhou]. Jiajing edition.
  12. Chen, X. J. (Ed.). (1841). Renhuai zhili ting zhi [Gazetteer of Renhuai Directly Administered Hall]. Daoguang edition.
  13. Chen, C. Y., & Xu, T. X. (Ed.). (1879). Bijie xian zhi [Gazetteer of Bijie County]. Guangxu edition.
  14. Wang, L. Y., & Xu, Y. D. (Ed.). (1597). Guizhou tong zhi [Comprehensive Gazetteer of Guizhou]. Wanli edition.
  15. Hao, D. C., & Wang, S. T. (Ed.). (1752). Kaitai xian zhi: Dianli zhi [Gazetteer of Kaitai County: Rituals Section]. Qianlong edition.
  16. Tang, B. W. (2020). A brief analysis of the construction of the loyal and righteous image of Song general Kang Baoyi. Journal of Jilin Radio and TV University, (04), 151–153, 156.
  17. Dai, S. (Ed.), Zheng, X. (Annot.), & Lu, D. M. (Pronunciation & Meaning). (n.d.). Li ji [Book of Rites]. Fang Song Xiangtai five classics edition.
  18. Qing shilu [Veritable Records of the Qing Dynasty] [Z]. Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju, 1986.
  19. Yu, Z. C., & Yu, S. Q. (Ed.). (1888). Guzhou ting zhi [Gazetteer of Guzhou Hall]. Guangxu edition.
  20. Dong, Z. S. (n.d.). Chunqiu fanlu [Extensive Dew of the Spring and Autumn Annals]. Wuyingdian Juzhen edition.
  21. Chen, T. F. (Ed.). (1932). Pingba xian zhi [Gazetteer of Pingba County]. Lead-printed edition.
  22. Liu, D., & Ai, M., et al. (Ed.). (1769). Dushan zhou zhi [Gazetteer of Dushan Prefecture]. Qianlong edition.
  23. Cao, C. Q., & Qin, M. R. (Ed.). (1889). Puan zhili ting zhi [Gazetteer of Puan Directly Administered Hall]. Guangxu edition.
  24. Kun'gang, Li, H. Z., et al. (Eds.). (Guangxu reign). Imperially commissioned precedents of the Great Qing administrative code. Shanghai, China: Shanghai Classics Publishing House. (Original work compiled during the Qing dynasty)