Research Article

From I to WE: How Music Trigger Human Social Identity

Yi TaoBeijing Normal University· Hong Kong Baptist University United International College Pengpeng ChangCentral Conservatory of Music*

* Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract

From the perspective of evolutionary psychology, the social function of music is widely recognized. To explore the background, condition, and causes in the process of music triggering individual social identity, based on the review of previous literature, this paper proposes three main mechanisms: emotional resonance, physiological activation, and interactive exchange. Three paths respectively: first, music makes people share common emotions, and then feel a sense of belonging in a specific social group; second, people perceive music can bring a consistent physiological response and reach group synchronization; third, people's participation in a music work that to be completed is like a hypothetical N-person switching system, and can build social bonds with others. In general, this paper argues that music can trigger social identity through the above three interactive mechanisms, and provide more clues about the connection between social identity’s foundation and the music field, expanding to larger impacts, results, and possible use.

Keywords: Music; social identity; evolutionary psychology; mechanism
Published: June 9, 2025
DOI: 10.54254/2753-7064/2024.23642
Volume: CHR Vol.70
pp. 221-225
Download PDF

References

  1. Fancourt, D., & Perkins, R. (2018). The effects of mother–infant singing on emotional closeness, affect, anxiety, and stress hormones. Music & Science, 1, 205920431774574-. https://doi.org/10.1177/2059204317745746
  2. Fancourt, D., & Perkins, R. (2018). The effects of mother–infant singing on emotional closeness, affect, anxiety, and stress hormones. Music & Science, 1, 205920431774574-. https://doi.org/10.1177/2059204317745746
  3. Schellenberg, E. G., Corrigall, K. A., Dys, S. P., & Malti, T. (2015). Group Music Training and Children’s Prosocial Skills. PloS One, 10(10), e0141449–e0141449. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0141449
  4. Pearce, E., Launay, J., Machin, A., & Dunbar, R. I. M. (2016). Is Group Singing Special? Health, Well-Being and Social Bonds in Community-Based Adult Education Classes. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 26(6), 518–533. https://doi.org/10.1002/casp.2278
  5. Savage, P. E., Loui, P., Tarr, B., Schachner, A., Glowacki, L., Mithen, S., & Fitch, W. T. (2021). Music as a coevolved system for social bonding. The Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 44, e59–e59. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X20000333
  6. Pinker, S. (1997). How the mind works. Penguin.
  7. Mehr, S. A., Krasnow, M. M., Bryant, G. A., & Hagen, E. H. (2021). Origins of music in credible signaling. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 44, e60.
  8. Forgas, J. P., Haselton, M. G., & Von Hippel, W. (2011). Evolution and the social mind : Evolutionary Psychology and Social Cognition. In Psychology Press eBooks (pp. 179–194). http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BA82704563
  9. Tajfel, H. (Ed.). (1978). Differentiation between social groups: Studies in the social psychology of intergroup relations. Academic Press.
  10. Hogg, M. A., & Turner, J. C. (1987). Intergroup behaviour, self‐stereotyping and the salience of social categories. British Journal of Social Psychology, 26(4), 325–340. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8309.1987.tb00795.x
  11. Tekman, H. G., & Hortaçsu, N. (2002). Music and social identity: Stylistic identification as a response to musical style. International Journal of Psychology, 37(5), 277–285. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207590244000043
  12. Juslin, P. N. (2013). What does music express? Basic emotions and beyond. Frontiers in Psychology, 4. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00596
  13. Hevner, K. (1936). Experimental studies of the elements of expression in music. The American Journal of Psychology, 48(2), 246. https://doi.org/10.2307/1415746
  14. Krumhansl, C. L. (1997). An exploratory study of musical emotions and psychophysiology. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology/Revue Canadienne De Psychologie Expérimentale, 51(4), 336–353. https://doi.org/10.1037/1196-1961.51.4.3367
  15. Hatfield, E., Rapson, R. L., & Le, Y. L. (2009b). Emotional contagion and empathy. In The MIT Press eBooks (pp. 19–30). https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262012973.003.0003
  16. Garrido, S., Eerola, T., & McFerran, K. (2017). Group Rumination: Social Interactions Around Music in People with Depression. Frontiers in Psychology, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00490
  17. Mercer, J. (2014). Feeling like a state: social emotion and identity. International Theory, 6(3), 515–535. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1752971914000244
  18. Sloboda, J. A., O’Neill, S. A., & Ivaldi, A. (2001). Functions of Music in Everyday Life: An exploratory study using the experience Sampling method. Musicae Scientiae, 5(1), 9–32. https://doi.org/10.1177/102986490100500102
  19. Thaut, M. H., & Hodges, D. A. (2019). The Oxford Handbook of Music and the Brain. Oxford Library of Psychology.
  20. Zentner, M., & Eerola, T. (2010). Rhythmic engagement with music in infancy. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107(13), 5768–5773. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1000121107
  21. Hilton, C. B., Crowley, L., Yan, R., Martin, A., & Mehr, S. A. (2021). Children infer the behavioral contexts of unfamiliar foreign songs. Journal of Experimental Psychology. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/rz6qn
  22. Percival, H. (2021). Can you hear the connection? A study on musical-social bonding (Doctoral dissertation).
  23. Hove, M. J., Suzuki, K., Uchitomi, H., Orimo, S., & Miyake, Y. (2011). Interactive rhythmic auditory stimulation reinstates natural 1/f timing in gait of Parkinson’s patients. Cognitive Science, 33(33).
  24. Abrams, D. A., Ryali, S., Chen, T., Chordia, P., Khouzam, A., Levitin, D. J., & Menon, V. (2013). Inter-subject synchronization of brain responses during natural music listening. European Journal of Neuroscience, 37(9), 1458–1469. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.12173
  25. Tschacher, W., Greenwood, S., Ramakrishnan, S., Tröndle, M., Wald-Fuhrmann, M., Seibert, C., Weining, C., & Meier, D. (2023). Audience synchronies in live concerts illustrate the embodiment of music experience. Scientific Reports, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-41960-2
  26. Wiltermuth, S. S., & Heath, C. (2009). Synchrony and cooperation. Psychological Science, 20(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02253.x
  27. McGrath, J. E., & Kelly, J. R. (1986). Time and human interaction: Toward a Social Psychology of Time.
  28. Vicaria, I. M., & Dickens, L. (2016). Meta-Analyses of the intra- and interpersonal outcomes of interpersonal coordination. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 40(4), 335–361. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10919-016-0238-8
  29. Hove, M. J., & Risen, J. L. (2009). It's all in the timing: Interpersonal synchrony increases affiliation. Social cognition, 27(6), 949-960.
  30. Kokal, I., Engel, A., Kirschner, S., & Keysers, C. (2011). Synchronized drumming enhances activity in the caudate and facilitates prosocial commitment - if the rhythm comes easily. PLoS ONE, 6(11), e27272. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0027272
  31. Tooby, J., Cosmides, L., & Price, M. E. (2006). Cognitive adaptations for n‐person exchange: the evolutionary roots of organizational behavior. Managerial and Decision Economics, 27(2–3), 103–129. https://doi.org/10.1002/mde.1287